Controlling:
The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results.
Importance of Controlling
The purpose of controlling is to make sure that plans are fulfilled and that actual performance meets or surpasses objectives. Controlling sees to it that the right things happen in the right way and at the right time. It helps ensure that the performance contributions of individuals and groups are consistent with organizational plans. It helps that the performance accomplishments throughout an organization are consistent with one another in means-ends fashion. And it helps ensure that people comply with organizational policies and procedures.
Steps in the Control Process
?X Cybernetic control system is self-contained in its performance-monitoring and correction capabilities
Step 1¡Xestablish objectives and standards
Performance objective should represent key results that one want to accomplish. The focus on planning should be on describing ¡§critical¡¨ or ¡§essential¡¨ results that will make a substantial difference in the success of the organization. The standards are important too and they must be considered right from the beginning.
Two types of standards:
?X Output standards-measure performance results in terms of outcomes like quantity, quality, cost, or time of accomplished work.
?X Input standards-measure effort in terms of the amount of work expended in task performance. They are used in situations where outputs are difficult or expensive to measure.
Step 2¡Xmeasure actual performance
The goal is to accurately measure the performance results and or the performance efforts. The measurement must be ac ...