MOTIVATION THEORIES:
Goal Setting Theory:
In the late 1960s, Edwin Locke proposed that intentions to work toward
a goad are a major source of work motivation. That is, goals tel an
employee what needs to be done and how much effort will need to be made.
Specific hard goals produce a higher level of output than does the
generalized goal of "do your best". Why? The specificity of the goal itself
seems to act as an internal stimulus. For instance, when a trucker
commits to making 12 round trips between Toronto and Buffalo, New York,
each week, this intention gives him a specific objective to try to
attain.
The conclusion is that intentions - as articulated in terms of hard and
specific goals - are the motivating force. Under proper conditions,
they can lead to higher performance.
How a manager can use Goal setting theory for effectiveness:
In order to make the goal setting theory operational a manager may use
MBO program:
Management by objective directly advocates specific goals and feedback.
MBO implies, rather than explicitly states, that goals must be
perceived as feasible. Consistent with goal setting.
MBO program is seen in many businesses like Contruction, Educationan
etc.
Reinforcement Theory:
Reinforcement theory explains that one gets motivated if appreciated
for his/her good performance and punished for poor performance.
For instance, appreciating a worker in front of colleagues for good
work.
How a manager can use Reinforcement theory for effectiveness:
In order to make reinforcement theory operational, a manager may use Employee Recognitio ...