Webster defined Culture as "?.the act of developing?. the intellectual and moral faculties," especially by education; "expert care and training"; "enlightenment and excellence of taste acquired by intellectual and aesthetic training"; "the total pattern of human behavior embodied in thought, speech, action and artifacts and dependent upon man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations?."
The intensification of research on organizational effectiveness has led to the formulation of theories about factors within an organization that can make a difference in performance. Organizational culture is one such variable that has received much attention in organizational behavior literature. This attention is mainly because researchers have postulated that cultural factors play a key role in determining levels of organizational outcomes. A common hypothesis about this role suggests that if an organization possesses "strong culture" by exhibiting a well integrated and effective set of specific values, beliefs, and behavior patterns, then it will perform at a higher level of productivity. The development of theory to guide the definition of organizational culture, therefore, is of primary importance to improve organization performance, especially because the variables which comprise culture have been postulated to be under the control of organizational leaders.
Organizational culture has been defined as patterns of shared values and beliefs overtime which produce behavioral norms that are adopted in solving problems. Schein (1985) has also noted that culture is a body of solutions to problems which have worked consistently and are therefore taught to new members as a correct way to perceive, think about, and fell in relation to those problems ...